Number of people required to work (P)
For the three classes of software products, the formulas for estimating the number of people required based on the effort and development time are given below:
Organic :
P=2.4(KLOC)1.05PM/2.5(Effort)0.38 Month
Semi-detached :
P=3.0(KLOC)1.05PM/2.5(Effort)0.35Months
Embedded :
P=3.6(KLOC)1.05PM/2.5(Effort)0.32 Month
BASIC COCOMO MODEL can be obtained by plotting
the estimated characteristics for different software sizes. Fig. shows a
plot of estimated effort versus product size. From fig. we can observe
that the effort is somewhat superlinear in the size of the software product.
Thus, the effort required to develop a product increases very rapidly with
project size.
The development time versus the product size in KLOC is plotted in fig,it can be observed that the development time is a sublinear function of the size of the product, i.e. when the size of the product increases by two times, the time to develop the product does not double but rises moderately. This can be explained by the fact that for larger products, a larger number of activities which can be carried out concurrently can be identified The parallel activities can be carried out simultaneously by the
engineers. This reduces the time to complete the project. Further, from fig., it can be observed that the development time is roughly the same for all
the three categories of products. For example, a 60 KLOC program can be
developed in approximately 18 months, regardless of whether it is of organic,
semidetached, or embedded type.
Example:
Suppose a project was estimated to be 400 kloc. Calculate the effort & development time of organic ,semi-detached, embedded software projects.
Solution:-
Given kloc=400
We know that Effort=a(kloc)^b PM
Development time=c(kloc)^d M
No of people = effort/(development time) P
Organic:- from the above table we know that for organic project the values for the constants a,b,c,d are as follows ; a=2.4,b=1.05,c=2.5,d=0.38.
Effort= 2.4(400)^1.05
Effort=2.4*539.71
Effort=1295.31 PM.
Development time= 2.5(1295.31)^0.38
Development time= 38.07 M
No of persons or people = 1295.31/(38.07 )
No of persons or people = 34 persons
Semi –detached :- from the above table we know that for semi detached project the values for the constants are a=3.0,b=1.12,c=2.5,d=0.35.
Effort=3.0(400)^1.12
Effort= 3.0*820.93
Effort=2462.79PM
Development time=2.5(2462.79)^0.35
Development time= 2.5*15.38
Development time=38.45M
No of persons or people = 2462.79/38.45
No of persons or people= 64 persons
Embedded :- from the above table we know that the values for the constants a,b,c,d for embedded project is 3.6,1.20,2.5,0.32 respectively.
Effort=3.6(400)^(1.20 )
Effort=4772.81 PM
Development time =2.5(4772.81)^0.32
Development time =37.59 M
No of persons or people= ( 4772.81)/37.59
No of persons or people= 126 PERSONS
Therefore all of this is tabulated in a table to yield the final data as
follows:-
Software
project
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
d
|
EFFORT
(E)
|
DEVELOPMENT TIME (T_DEVE)
|
PERSONS
(P)
|
Organic
|
2.4
|
1.05
|
2.5
|
0.38
|
1295.31
|
38.07
|
34
|
Semi-detached
|
3.0
|
1.12
|
2.5
|
0.35
|
2462.79
|
38.45
|
64
|
Embedded
|
3.6
|
1.20
|
2.5
|
0.32
|
4772.81
|
37.59
|
126
|
Practical Analysis of Basic COCOMO model using MS project
2. Intermediate COCOMO