STLC- Software Testing Life Cycle

                     There are following six major phases in every Software Testing Life Cycle Model (STLC Model):

Each of these stages has a definite Entry and Exit criteria, Activities & Deliverables associated with it.

What is Entry and Exit Criteria in STLC?

Entry Criteria: Entry Criteria gives the prerequisite items that must be completed before testing can begin.

Exit Criteria: Exit Criteria defines the items that must be completed before testing can be concluded

You have Entry and Exit Criteria for all levels in the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)

Requirement Phase Testing or Requirement Analysis :

Requirement Phase Testing also known as Requirement Analysis in which test team studies the requirements from a testing point of view to identify testable requirements and the Quality Analysis (QA) team may interact with various stakeholders to understand requirements in detail. Requirements could be either functional or non-functional. Automation feasibility for the testing project is also done in this stage. The following are the Activities in Requirement Phase Testing

• Identify types of tests to be performed. 
• Gather details about testing priorities and focus.
• Prepare Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM).
• Identify test environment details where testing is supposed to be carried out. 
• Automation feasibility analysis (if required).
• Deliverables of Requirement Phase Testing

Test Planning :

Test Planning in STLC is a phase in which a Senior Quality Analysis QA manager determines the test plan strategy along with efforts and cost estimates for the project. Moreover, the resources, test environment, test limitations and the testing schedule are also determined. The Test Plan gets prepared and finalized in the same phase. The following are the Activities in Test Planning 

• Preparation of test plan/strategy document for various types of testing
• Test tool selection
• Test effort estimation
• Resource planning and determining roles and responsibilities.
• Training requirement
• Deliverables of Test Planning
• Test plan /strategy document.
• Effort estimation document.

Test Case Development Phase

The Test Case Development Phase involves the creation, verification and rework of test cases & test scripts after the test plan is ready. Initially, the Test data is identified then created and reviewed and then reworked based on the preconditions. Then the QA team starts the development process of test cases for individual units. The following are the Activities in Test Case Development 

• Create test cases, automation scripts (if applicable)
• Review and baseline test cases and scripts
• Create test data (If Test Environment is available)
• Deliverables of Test Case Development
• Test cases/scripts
• Test data

Test Environment Setup

Test Environment Setup decides the software and hardware conditions under which a work product is tested. It is one of the critical aspects of the testing process and can be done in parallel with the Test Case Development Phase. Test team may not be involved in this activity if the development team provides the test environment. The test team is required to do a readiness check (smoke testing) of the given environment. The following are the Activities in Test Environment Setup Activities

• Understand the required architecture, environment set-up and prepare hardware and software requirement list for the Test Environment.
• Setup test Environment and test data
• Perform smoke test on the build

Test Execution Phase

Test Execution Phase is carried out by the testers in which testing of the software build is done based on test plans and test cases prepared. The process consists of test script execution, test script maintenance and bug reporting. If bugs are reported then it is reverted back to development team for correction and retesting will be performed. The following are the Activities in Test Execution Phase

• Execute tests as per plan
• Document test results, and log defects for failed cases
• Map defects to test cases in RTM
• Retest the Defect fixes
• Track the defects to closure
• Deliverables of Test Execution
• Completed RTM with the execution status
• Test cases updated with results
• Defect reports

Test Cycle Closure

Test Cycle Closure phase is completion of test execution which involves several activities like test completion reporting, collection of test completion matrices and test results. Testing team members meet, discuss and analyze testing artifacts to identify strategies that have to be implemented in future, taking lessons from current test cycle. The idea is to remove process bottlenecks for future test cycles. The following are the Activities in Test Cycle Closure 

• Evaluate cycle completion criteria based on Time, Test coverage, Cost,Software, Critical Business Objectives, Quality
• Prepare test metrics based on the above parameters.
• Document the learning out of the project
• Prepare Test closure report
• Qualitative and quantitative reporting of quality of the work product to the customer.
• Test result analysis to find out the defect distribution by type and severity.